Proteomic Analysis of Human Serum from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem in the world. The aim of our research was to identify novel potential serum biomarkers of renal injury. ELISA assay showed that cytokines and chemokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, Eotaxin, FGFb, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PDGF-1bb, RANTES, TNF-α and VEGF were significantly higher (R > 0.6, p value < 0.05) in the serum of patients with CKD compared to healthy subjects, and they were positively correlated with well-established markers (urea and creatinine). The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) quantification method revealed that levels of HSP90B2, AAT, IGSF22, CUL5, PKCE, APOA4, APOE, APOA1, CCDC171, CCDC43, VIL1, Antigen KI-67, NKRF, APPBP2, CAPRI and most complement system proteins were increased in serum of CKD patients compared to the healthy group. Among complement system proteins, the C8G subunit was significantly decreased three-fold in patients with CKD. However, only AAT and HSP90B2 were positively correlated with well-established markers and, therefore, could be proposed as potential biomarkers for CKD.