Exploring the putative interactions between chronic kidney disease and chronic periodontitis

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Periodontology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic periodontitis (CP) are prevalent, frequently comorbid conditions.
• Both diseases share risk factors and contribute to systemic inflammation, impacting overall health.
• Existing research on the CKD-CP relationship lacks a detailed examination of localized and systemic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms by which oral microorganisms translocate and exert distal effects.
• To provide evidence for microbial involvement in systemic diseases like CKD.
• To summarize local and systemic effects of CKD and CP and explore their interactive role in disease progression.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing findings on CKD and CP comorbidities.
• Analysis of studies investigating oral microorganism translocation and systemic impact.
• Examination of research on local and systemic effects of both conditions.

Main Results:

• Oral microorganisms can translocate from the periodontal site, causing distal effects.
• CKD and CP exhibit overlapping risk factors and contribute to systemic inflammation.
• The interaction between local and systemic effects of CKD and CP may explain their bidirectional relationship.

Conclusions:

• Microbial translocation from chronic periodontitis is a potential factor in chronic kidney disease progression.
• Understanding the interplay of local and systemic factors is crucial for managing comorbid CKD and CP.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms driving the CKD-CP association.