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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Nucleosome destabilization by nuclear non-coding RNAs.

Risa Fujita1, Tatsuro Yamamoto2,3, Yasuhiro Arimura1

  • 1Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.

Communications Biology
|February 13, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like Eleanors can destabilize nucleosomes, which are barriers to gene transcription. This RNA-mediated nucleosome destabilization may be a common mechanism for regulating gene activity in the nucleus.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Nucleosomes, formed by DNA wrapped around histones, act as barriers to transcription.
  • Nuclear non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are implicated in chromatin structure and gene regulation.
  • The precise mechanisms by which ncRNAs influence nucleosome structure remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how ncRNAs, specifically Eleanors, affect nucleosome structure.
  • To determine if ncRNAs can destabilize nucleosomes in vitro.
  • To explore the potential role of RNA-mediated nucleosome destabilization in transcriptional regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nucleosome occupancy around the Eleanor2 transcription site in LTED cells.
  • In vitro nucleosome destabilization assays using purified Eleanor2 RNA fragments.
  • Comparative assays with other ncRNAs, poly(U) RNA, and DNA.

Main Results:

  • Nucleosome depletion was observed around the transcription site of Eleanor2 in long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) breast cancer cells.
  • Purified Eleanor2 RNA fragments significantly destabilized nucleosomes in vitro.
  • Other natural nuclear ncRNAs also exhibited nucleosome destabilizing activity, unlike poly(U) RNA or DNA.

Conclusions:

  • Eleanor ncRNAs can directly destabilize nucleosomes.
  • RNA-mediated nucleosome destabilization is a potential mechanism for transcriptional regulation by nuclear ncRNAs.
  • This finding may represent a common feature of natural nuclear RNAs in modulating chromatin structure.