Combating atherosclerosis with targeted Diosmin nanoparticles-treated experimental diabetes

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Biotechnology
• Cardiovascular Research

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control significantly elevates the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
• Diosmin (DSN), a citrus flavonoid, possesses antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for cardiovascular health.
• DSN's poor water solubility limits its oral absorption and therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To enhance the bioavailability and solubility of Diosmin (DSN) by formulating it into nanoparticles (DSN-NPs).
• To evaluate the efficacy of DSN-NPs loaded onto hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) and Poly lactide-glycolide-chitin (PLGA/chitin) in counteracting diabetes-induced atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

• Diosmin nanoparticles (DSN-NPs) were prepared using emulsion-solvent evaporation and acid-base neutralization methods.
• Nanoparticles were loaded onto polymeric matrices: hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) and Poly lactide-glycolide-chitin (PLGA/chitin).
• The study involved 50 rats divided into five groups, including normal, diabetic, and diabetic rats treated with oral DSN, DSN-HPS, or DSN-PLGA/chitin, with extensive biochemical analyses.

Main Results:

• Both DSN-HPS and DSN-PLGA/chitin formulations showed statistically significant improvements compared to oral DSN treatment.
• DSN-PLGA/chitin nanoparticles demonstrated a superior ability to counteract atherosclerosis factors induced by diabetes.
• Biochemical markers including lipids, insulin, MDA, NO, PAI-1, PON1, TGF-β1, NF-ҡB, and Ang II were significantly modulated by the DSN-NP treatments.

Conclusions:

• Loading Diosmin onto polymeric nanoparticles, specifically PLGA/chitin, significantly enhances its bioavailability and therapeutic potential against diabetic atherosclerosis.
• DSN-NPs offer a promising strategy for managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.
• The PLGA/chitin matrix provides a highly effective delivery system for Diosmin in combating diabetes-related vascular damage.