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Parallel distributed networks dissociate episodic and social functions within the individual.

Lauren M DiNicola1, Rodrigo M Braga1,2,3, Randy L Buckner1,3,4

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The brain's default network (DN) comprises two distinct, interwoven networks. One network supports episodic projection, while the other supports theory of mind (ToM), revealing specialized functions within the DN.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Functional Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Association cortex is organized into large-scale distributed networks.
  • The default network (DN) is implicated in various forms of internal mentation.
  • Debate exists on whether shared or distinct anatomical networks support diverse cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether episodic projection and theory of mind (ToM) tasks recruit the same or distinct neural networks within individuals.
  • To test the hypothesis that the DN comprises two parallel, interdigitated networks with specialized functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized within-individual analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to preserve anatomical details.
  • Conducted three independent experiments with repeated scanning of subjects (n=6 per experiment, 4 scans each).
  • Analyzed task-based activations for episodic projection and ToM across multiple cortical zones.

Main Results:

  • Episodic projection and ToM tasks consistently activated separate, distributed regions within the DN across all experiments.
  • A parahippocampal cortex (PHC)-linked network preferentially supported episodic projection (remembering/imagining future).
  • A temporoparietal junction (TPJ)-linked network preferentially supported ToM tasks.
  • These two networks are interdigitated throughout the cortex, including midline regions.

Conclusions:

  • The default network is organized into at least two parallel, interdigitated networks with distinct functional specializations.
  • One network, associated with PHC, subserves episodic projection.
  • Another network, associated with TPJ, subserves theory of mind.
  • This functional segregation refines understanding of association cortex organization.