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Spiral drawing: Quantitative analysis and artificial-intelligence-based diagnosis using a smartphone.

Nobuyuki Ishii1, Yuki Mochizuki2, Kazutaka Shiomi1

  • 1Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|February 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A smartphone app quantifies neurological exams using hand-drawn spirals. Artificial intelligence (AI) aids in diagnosing essential tremor (ET) and cerebellar disease (CD) with promising accuracy.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceCerebellar ataxiaMachine learningSmartphoneSpiralTremor

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Medical Technology
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Traditional neurological examinations are subjective and vary with examiner skill.
  • Objective quantification of neurological assessments is needed for improved diagnostic accuracy.
  • Smartphone technology offers a potential platform for novel diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a smartphone-based application for quantifying neurological examinations.
  • To investigate the use of AI for diagnosing essential tremor (ET) and cerebellar disease (CD) based on hand-drawn spiral data.
  • To assess the correlation between quantified spiral analysis and disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Collected hand-drawn spiral data from 41 normal controls (NCs), 24 ET patients, and 26 CD patients using smartphone imaging.
  • Quantified spiral analysis by comparing drawn spirals to a reference, calculating % of spiral length and total deviation area.
  • Employed AI algorithms to estimate diagnostic probabilities for NC, ET, and CD groups.

Main Results:

  • Quantified spiral analysis (% spiral length, deviation area) significantly correlated with disease severity.
  • Significant differences in deviation area were observed across all groups (NC, ET, CD).
  • AI diagnosis achieved accuracies of 79% (NC), 70% (ET), and 73% (CD).

Conclusions:

  • A smartphone can serve as a viable tool for objective neurological examinations.
  • AI demonstrates potential in diagnosing neurological conditions like ET and CD through quantitative spiral analysis.
  • This approach offers a scalable and accessible method for neurological assessment.