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Related Experiment Video

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Observation of Photobehavior in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

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Published on: May 6, 2022

Phyllotaxis Turns Over a New Leaf-A New Hypothesis.

Derek T A Lamport¹, Li Tan², Michael Held³

¹School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|February 14, 2020

Summary

Plant organ arrangement, or phyllotaxis, is generated by a novel algorithm driven by the stem apical meristem

Keywords:

Hechtian oscillator Phyllotaxis acid growth arabinogalactan proteins auxin calcium signaling plasma membrane ion fluxes

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Area of Science:

Plant biology
Biophysics
Developmental biology

Background:

Phyllotaxis, the arrangement of plant organs, is a periodic phenomenon.
Oscillators are generally responsible for periodic biological processes.
The stem apical meristem (SAM) is crucial for plant development.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a hypothetical algorithm for phyllotaxis generation.
To identify the key determinants regulating phyllotaxis.
To explore the role of biochemical and mechanical forces in plant morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

Modeling phyllotaxis using a Hechtian growth oscillator.
Integrating biochemical gradients (auxin, protons, Ca2+) and mechanical forces.
Analyzing the roles of cell wall-plasma membrane adhesion, ion channels, and protein pumps.

Main Results:

The Hechtian oscillator integrates biochemical and mechanical signals to regulate morphogenetic gradients.
Specific determinants, including SAM size, AGP-Ca2+ capacitor, proton pump, auxin efflux, and Ca2+ channels, control phyllotaxis.
The model generates spiral and Fibonacci symmetries observed in phyllotaxis.

Conclusions:

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and the AGP-Ca2+ capacitor play a decisive role in phyllotaxis periodicity.
This model provides insights into the evolutionary origins of phyllotaxis.
The proposed algorithm highlights the interplay of physical and chemical factors in plant development.