Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

1.5K
Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
1.5K
Conditions of Equilibrium01:28

Conditions of Equilibrium

2.0K
Equilibrium refers to a state where a rigid body is not subjected to any translational or rotational motion. This state is achieved when the force and couple acting on a rigid body equal zero. When the system of external forces results in a net effect equivalent to zero, the rigid body is considered to be in equilibrium.
Internal forces are not considered for conditions of equilibrium because they occur in equal and opposite pairs within the body, effectively canceling each other. As a result,...
2.0K
Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

23.9K
Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
23.9K
Control System Problem01:21

Control System Problem

339
In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
339
Kirchhoff's Rules01:21

Kirchhoff's Rules

5.5K
Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887) devised two rules known as Kirchhoff's rules to analyze complex circuits, which cannot be analyzed with series-parallel techniques. These rules can be used to analyze any circuit, simple or complex.
Kirchhoff's first rule is called the junction rule. A junction, also known as a node, is a connection of three or more wires. The rule states that the sum of all currents entering a junction must equal the sum of all currents leaving the junction.
5.5K
Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

7.2K
Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An algebraic model for inversion and deletion in bacterial genome rearrangement.

Journal of mathematical biology·2023
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants
17:15

Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants

Published on: June 11, 2009

14.0K

Pseudo-loop conditions.

Pierre Gillibert1, Julius Jonušas1, Michael Pinsker1,2

  • 1Institut für Diskrete Mathematik und Geometrie Technische Universität Wien Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/104 1040 Wien Austria.

The Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society
|February 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Universal algebra identities, known as loop conditions, are studied for their connection to graph theory. New findings establish the existence of a weakest loop condition for each width, simplifying proofs in algebra.

Keywords:
03C0503C4008A35 (secondary)08B05 (primary)

More Related Videos

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.0K
A Ligated Intestinal Loop Model in Anesthetized Specific Pathogen Free Chickens to Study Clostridium Perfringens Virulence
09:21

A Ligated Intestinal Loop Model in Anesthetized Specific Pathogen Free Chickens to Study Clostridium Perfringens Virulence

Published on: October 11, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants
17:15

Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants

Published on: June 11, 2009

14.0K
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.0K
A Ligated Intestinal Loop Model in Anesthetized Specific Pathogen Free Chickens to Study Clostridium Perfringens Virulence
09:21

A Ligated Intestinal Loop Model in Anesthetized Specific Pathogen Free Chickens to Study Clostridium Perfringens Virulence

Published on: October 11, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Universal Algebra
  • Graph Theory
  • Model Theory

Background:

  • Identities in algebra, termed loop conditions, were previously linked to forcing loops in graphs.
  • This connection yielded significant results, like the Siggers identity in finite idempotent algebras.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically study loop conditions of finite width (k).
  • To generalize these concepts to pseudo-loop conditions for non-idempotent algebras and model-theoretic structures.

Main Methods:

  • Characterizing loop conditions by the action of algebras on relations, forcing constant tuples.
  • Proving the existence of a weakest loop condition for each fixed width k.
  • Developing a framework for pseudo-loop conditions and their relation to pseudo-loops in model theory.

Main Results:

  • Established that loop conditions of width k are equivalent to forcing constant tuples in relations.
  • Provided a new, concise proof for the existence of a width 3 loop condition in all non-trivial idempotent algebras.
  • Showed that pseudo-loop conditions in model-theoretic structures are characterized by pseudo-loops and that a weakest condition exists.

Conclusions:

  • The study introduces a powerful framework for analyzing algebraic identities through the lens of graph theory and relations.
  • New proofs simplify complex results in universal algebra and model theory.
  • The generalization to pseudo-loop conditions extends the applicability to a broader class of algebras and structures.