A case of hepatic leiomyosarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation (malignant mesenchymoma) in a dog

A rare spontaneous hepatic leiomyosarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation was observed in a female beagle dog and its morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics were examined. Upon necropsy, an endoceliac mass originating from the liver was detected, which was composed of hematoid fluid-filled cysts and white to grayish solid tissue. There were no macroscopic findings in other organ systems. Histopathologically, the hepatic mass consisted of two different mesenchymal components. One form was spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles immunohistochemically positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and smoothelin, indicating leiomyosarcomatous differentiation. The other form was composed of short spindle cells positive for S-100 and was producing various amounts of eosinophilic osteoid and trabecula-like matrices positive for osteocalcin, indicating osteosarcomatous differentiation. In addition, invasive growth in the hepatic parenchyma and cell atypia were observed. Based on these findings, the mass was diagnosed as hepatic leiomyosarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation (malignant mesenchymoma), which might be derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.