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Risk of tuberculosis in low birth weight children from East Romania
Elena Ariela Banu1, Aurel Nechita1, Eva Maria Elkan-Cojocaru1
1Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunărea de Jos" University, Galaţi; "Sf. Ioan" Emergency Clinic Hospital for Children, Galaţi, Romania.
Insights
Low birth weight (LBW) in children showed a positive but not statistically significant correlation with tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Further research is needed to understand this relationship in the context of global TB eradication efforts.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) affects 10% of pediatric cases globally, with high incidence in many regions.
- Investigating risk factors like low birth weight (LBW) is crucial for understanding childhood TB.
- The study addresses the global "End TB" initiative by examining pediatric TB correlations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the correlation between clinical tuberculosis diagnosis and low birth weight in children.
- To analyze this relationship across various pediatric age groups.
- To provide data relevant to public health strategies for TB control in children.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective study of 1783 pediatric patients, including 137 with low birth weight (LBW), from 2010-2014.
- Data collected from patient records and hospital reports, analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS.
- ANOVA regression analysis was employed to assess the correlation between LBW and age at TB diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Low birth weight (LBW) patients constituted 7.68% of the total cohort.
- LBW cases showed a predominance of females and individuals from urban areas.
- Infants aged 0-12 months represented 22.59% of the LBW subgroup; the youngest diagnosed was 1 month old.
- ANOVA regression revealed a non-significant correlation (p = 0.7659) between LBW and age at TB diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- A positive but statistically non-significant correlation was found between clinical tuberculosis diagnosis and low birth weight in children.
- The study highlights the need for further investigation with larger pediatric populations.
- Findings contribute to understanding childhood TB risk factors within the global "End TB" strategy.
Introduction:
In the context of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden, children represent 10% of all cases, with high incidence rates still reported by many regions worldwide. The study aim was to determine whether there is a correlation between TB clinical diagnosis and low birth weight in children at various ages.
Material And Methods:
The study was conducted between 2010 and 2014, on a group of 1783 pediatric patients and a subgroup of 137 pediatric patients with low birth weight (LBW). Data were collected from patients' records and hospital statistical reports then processed using MS Excel 2010 and SPSS v.22.
Results:
The subgroup of LBW patients accounted for 7.68% of all recorded cases. Girls were predominant (total M: F = 0.95; LBW group M: F = 0.91, p < 0.05), most from an urban area (total U: R = 1.29; LBW subgroup U: R = 1.36, p < 0.05). 22.59% of LBW subgroup children were infants aged of 0-12 months. The youngest age at TB diagnosis was 1 month and the lowest weight was 700 g. ANOVA regression for LBW and age at TB diagnosis, showed a multiple R value of 0.0256, p = 0.7659 (F = 0.7659, 95% CI).
Conclusions:
The correlation between clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis in children at various ages and their low birth weight was positive but was not statistically significant. However, this research hypothesis should be tested in further studies on larger population groups, due to the current public health context of "End TB", promoted worldwide.
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