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Dietary patterns and thyroid cancer risk: a population-based case-control study.

Jiaxin Liang1, Nan Zhao2, Cairong Zhu3

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health New Haven, CT, U.S.

American Journal of Translational Research
|February 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may lower thyroid cancer risk, particularly for women over 50. High intake of starchy foods and desserts showed mixed associations with thyroid cancer risk in men and women.

Keywords:
Dietary patternthyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer (TC) incidence is rising globally.
  • Established risk factors for TC are limited.
  • The link between diet and TC risk requires further investigation due to inconsistent findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of developing thyroid cancer.
  • To identify specific dietary patterns that may influence thyroid cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study was conducted in Connecticut (2010-2011).
  • Dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis on data from dietary history questionnaires.
  • Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary patterns and TC risk, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • A diet high in fruits and vegetables was significantly associated with a reduced risk of overall thyroid cancer (OR = 0.60).
  • This protective effect was more pronounced in women aged 50 and older for overall and papillary TC.
  • A diet rich in starchy foods and desserts showed differing associations with TC risk between men and women.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables are associated with a lower risk of thyroid cancer, especially in older women.
  • The association between starchy foods/desserts and TC risk varies by sex and warrants further research.
  • Findings highlight the potential role of diet in thyroid cancer prevention.