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Biofeedback Treatment App for Pediatric Migraine: Development and Usability Study.

Anker Stubberud1, Erling Tronvik1,2, Alexander Olsen3,4

  • 1Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

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Summary

A new smartphone app provides therapist-independent biofeedback for adolescent migraine sufferers. Usability testing showed high scores, indicating the app is safe, tolerable, and ready for clinical trials.

Keywords:
adolescentheadachemHealthsmartphonewearables

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Area of Science:

  • Digital health interventions
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Biofeedback is an effective treatment for pediatric migraine but is underutilized due to reliance on trained therapists and specialized equipment.
  • Advancements in digital technology, such as smartphones and wearable sensors, offer novel avenues for delivering biofeedback interventions.
  • This study addresses the need for accessible biofeedback solutions for adolescent migraine management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate the usability of a novel smartphone-based biofeedback application for adolescents experiencing migraines.
  • To assess the feasibility and safety of using wearable sensors for physiological data collection in this demographic.
  • To prepare the biofeedback app for subsequent clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, open-label study involving 10 adolescent migraine sufferers.
  • Participants utilized a newly developed biofeedback app integrated with wearable sensors measuring muscle tension, finger temperature, and heart rate.
  • Iterative usability testing, including a 2-week home-use period, and thematic analysis were employed.

Main Results:

  • Five out of ten participants completed all three usability testing rounds, with a total of 72 biofeedback sessions conducted.
  • Consistently high usability scores were reported, with median scores ranging from 3.5 to 4.5 on a 5-point scale.
  • The biofeedback optimization algorithm demonstrated excellent correlation with physiological measurements (r=0.85, P<.001), and the intervention was found to be safe and well-tolerated.

Conclusions:

  • A therapist-independent biofeedback smartphone app for adolescent migraine sufferers was successfully developed and tested.
  • The app demonstrated high usability, safety, and feasibility, indicating its readiness for clinical validation.
  • This digital health tool has the potential to improve access to biofeedback therapy for young individuals with migraines.