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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Does variable epigenetic inheritance fuel plant evolution?

Mark A A Minow1,1, Joseph Colasanti1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.

Genome
|February 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants exhibit a remarkable ability to pass down epigenetic changes across generations, aiding adaptation. This epigenetic inheritance provides heritable variation, crucial for evolution and crop improvement without altering DNA.

Keywords:
développement de la planteepigeneticsevolutionmeristemsméristèmespetits ARNplant developmentsmall RNAépigénétiqueévolution

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic changes modulate gene expression and biological processes.
  • Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance occurs in eukaryotes, but plants show a higher propensity for inheriting epialleles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the mechanisms promoting epiallele inheritance in plants.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetic metastability in plant adaptation.
  • To explore the evolutionary and agricultural implications of plant epigenetic inheritance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plant epigenetic inheritance.
  • Discussion of plant-specific traits facilitating epigenetic inheritance (meristematic growth, totipotency, incomplete erasure).
  • Analysis of environmentally triggered small RNA expression and epigenetic modifications.

Main Results:

  • Plant traits like meristematic growth and totipotency enhance epiallele inheritance.
  • Incomplete epigenetic erasure in gametes contributes to transgenerational epigenetic memory.
  • Environmental cues can trigger small RNA-mediated epigenetic changes, promoting adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Plant biology is uniquely suited for epigenetic metastability and inheritance.
  • Epigenetic inheritance provides a source of heritable variation, especially in genetically uniform populations.
  • Understanding epigenetic shifts can enable breeding for improved plant traits without genetic modification.