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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

746
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Prelinguistic Vocal Development in Children With Cochlear Implants: A Systematic Review.

Jena McDaniel1, René H Gifford2

  • 1Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.

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This review shows that children with cochlear implants (CIs) develop vocal skills, but often at older ages than hearing peers. More research is needed to understand vocal development trajectories in pediatric CI users.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric audiology
  • Speech-language pathology
  • Developmental pediatrics

Background:

  • Pediatric cochlear implant (CI) use is increasing, necessitating a better understanding of vocal development in this population.
  • Prelinguistic vocal development in children with CIs is complex and varies significantly.
  • Current evidence on vocal development trajectories before and after cochlear implantation is emerging but limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe measures used to quantify vocal development in pediatric CI users.
  • To synthesize evidence on prelinguistic vocal development in young children before and after cochlear implantation.
  • To analyze the application of current evidence for evaluating vocal development changes in pediatric CI users.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, ProQuest, and CINAHL databases.
  • Inclusion criteria: primary reports of children receiving a CI before age 5 years 0 months with vocalization measures.
  • Analysis of 59 records from 36 unique samples, totaling 1125 participants.

Main Results:

  • Most studies (level 3 evidence) used measures related to canonical babbling.
  • Pediatric CI candidates may show deficits in canonical syllables and phonetic inventory size pre-implantation.
  • Post-implantation, children with CIs show similar growth patterns but at older chronological ages than hearing peers.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence on vocal development changes before and after cochlear implantation in young children remains limited.
  • Further research is needed to understand expected developmental timelines, influencing factors, and long-term impacts.
  • Regular, systematic measurement of prelinguistic vocalizations is crucial for informing intervention planning in pediatric CI users.