Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

368
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
368
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

414
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
414
Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

303
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
303
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

1.2K
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
1.2K
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

505
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
505
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

1.8K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Festschrift in honor of Dr. Robert Stickgold, pioneer in sleep, memory, and dream research.

Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society·2026
Same author

Experimentally inducing dreams of remote emotional memory.

Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society·2025
Same author

A dream EEG and mentation database.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Resting-state memory consolidation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Implementation of an Emergency Department Opioid Use Disorder Initiative: Clinical Processes and Institution Specific Education Improve Care.

The Journal of emergency medicine·2025
Same author

Memory updating in dreams.

Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society·2025
Same journal

Modeling and analysis of forward and inverse kinematics for a flexible Stewart platform.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Barriers and facilitators to healthcare utilization amongst people living with sickle cell disease in the United States: A scoping review.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Enhancing data completeness in time series: Imputation strategies for missing data using significant periodically correlated components.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Key targets and mechanisms by which gut microbiota-derived metabolites regulate Alzheimer's disease through the immune - inflammatory pathway: Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Grid-tied Transformer-less Boost Switched Capacitor Topology (TLBSCT) for PV applications.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

The load-velocity profiles and exercise-specific velocity zones for seven commonly used weightlifting exercises.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.4K

Does sleep protect memories against interference? A failure to replicate.

Carrie Bailes1, Mary Caldwell1, Erin J Wamsley2

  • 1University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina.

Plos One
|February 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found sleep did not protect memories from retroactive interference, challenging previous findings. Intrinsic motivation aided learning but not sleep-wake memory differences.

More Related Videos

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.1K
Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

36.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.4K
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.1K
Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

36.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sleep Research
  • Memory Consolidation

Background:

  • Sleep is known to enhance memory retention compared to wakefulness.
  • Prior research suggested sleep consolidates memories, protecting them from retroactive interference.
  • This protection is crucial for preventing new learning from disrupting existing memories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate previous findings on sleep's protective role against retroactive interference.
  • To investigate the influence of intrinsic motivation on memory processing during sleep and wakefulness.
  • To re-evaluate the impact of sleep on memory consolidation in the context of interference learning.

Main Methods:

  • Replication of a prior study's protocol involving sleep and wake conditions.
  • Inclusion of an interference learning task to assess retroactive interference.
  • Measurement of intrinsic motivation's effect on memory performance in both sleep and wake groups.

Main Results:

  • The study failed to replicate the protective effect of sleep against retroactive interference.
  • Detrimental effects of interference learning were similar in both sleep and wake participants.
  • Intrinsic motivation improved initial task acquisition but did not influence sleep-wake memory differences.

Conclusions:

  • The findings question previous evidence suggesting sleep protects memories from retroactive interference.
  • Replication is crucial for validating findings in sleep and memory research.
  • Sleep's role in mitigating interference effects requires further investigation and validation.