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Area of Science:

  • Science Education Research
  • STEM Education
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Science fairs are a common extracurricular activity in high school, aiming to foster interest and skills in science and engineering.
  • Previous research suggests a mixed impact of science fairs on student engagement and career aspirations.
  • Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of current science fair models is crucial for improving their educational value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of high school science fairs on student interest in science and engineering careers.
  • To identify factors influencing student engagement and participation, including mandatory versus voluntary involvement.
  • To explore the relationship between science fair participation and the occurrence of research misconduct.

Main Methods:

  • Anonymous and voluntary surveys were administered to a national cohort of over 300 high school students in 2017 and 2018.
  • Survey questions assessed students' career interests in science/engineering and the effect of science fair participation on these interests.
  • Data were analyzed to compare outcomes between students with mandatory and voluntary science fair participation.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 60% of students expressed interest in STEM careers, and 60% reported increased interest due to science fair participation.
  • Mandatory participation was reported by two-thirds of students and was associated with a lower reported increase in interest.
  • A subset of students (10%) not interested in STEM careers and required to participate exhibited research misconduct.

Conclusions:

  • Science fairs can positively influence student interest in STEM careers, particularly when participation is voluntary.
  • Mandatory participation may diminish the positive impact on interest and potentially increase instances of research misconduct.
  • Future science fair design should consider voluntary participation and emphasize the learning of the scientific process to maximize educational benefits.