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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods are crucial for combating AMR, with innovative techniques showing promise but requiring further clinical validation.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical microbiology
  • Infectious diseases
  • Diagnostic technology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health risk.
  • Effective antimicrobial stewardship and rapid diagnostics are vital to control AMR spread.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) systems are essential for assessing AMR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of AST systems.
  • To discuss technical, translational, and implementation aspects of AST.
  • To highlight the need for advanced diagnostic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing and emerging AST methodologies.
  • Analysis of high-throughput AST systems.
  • Examination of molecular-based and genome-based AST approaches.

Main Results:

  • Few high-throughput AST methods have been widely adopted in the last 30 years.
  • Numerous innovative AST methods have demonstrated proof of principle.
  • Emerging AST technologies require clinical trials and regulatory approval.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in AST are critical for managing AMR.
  • Innovative molecular and genomic AST methods offer future potential.
  • Bridging the gap from research to clinical implementation is key.