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Engineering vertically interrogated interferometric sensors for optical label-free biosensing.

Rafael Casquel1,2, Miguel Holgado3,4, María F Laguna5,6

  • 1Applied Physics and Materials Engineering Department, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain. rafael.casquel@upm.es.

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Summary

This review details vertically interrogated optical biosensors, highlighting engineering advantages in fabrication and light coupling. Careful design choices across sensing, optics, and biofunctionalization are crucial for complex, cost-effective, and reliable platforms.

Keywords:
BiosensingInterferometric sensorsNanofabricationOptical sensorsPhotonic calculations

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Traditional interferometric sensors face challenges in fabrication and light coupling.
  • Vertically interrogated optical biosensors offer distinct engineering advantages.
  • This review focuses on practical design considerations for vertical optical biosensor technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an engineering perspective on vertically interrogated optical biosensor technology.
  • To identify and describe key interrelated design aspects.
  • To share research and experience in optical biosensor development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of engineering design principles for vertical optical biosensors.
  • Analysis of four critical design aspects: sensing cell, optical interrogation, fabrication, and fluidics/biofunctionalization.
  • Synthesis of group's research and experience in the field.

Main Results:

  • Vertical sensors offer advantages in fabrication and light coupling compared to other interferometric sensors.
  • Four key interrelated design aspects crucial for vertical optical biosensors are identified: sensing cell, optical interrogation techniques, fabrication processes, and fluidics/biofunctionalization.
  • Designer decisions on each aspect significantly impact the final platform's complexity, cost, and reliability.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized design choices in sensing cell, optical interrogation, fabrication, and biofunctionalization are essential for effective vertical optical biosensor platforms.
  • Understanding these interrelated aspects enables the development of more reliable and cost-effective biosensing solutions.
  • This work consolidates engineering insights for advancing vertical optical biosensor technology.