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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

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Amide additives improve RDC measurements in polyacrylamide.

Talia Fargason1, Ting Wang1, Naiduwadura Ivon Upekala De Silva1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH266, 901 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1240, USA.

Journal of Biomolecular NMR
|February 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding amide compounds like propionamide to polyacrylamide gels improves protein NMR spectral quality. This enhances structural determination using residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) without compromising data or protein integrity.

Keywords:
Alignment mediumAsparagineGlutaminePropionamideProtein solubilityResidual dipolar couplings

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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) are crucial NMR parameters for macromolecular structure determination.
  • Aligning macromolecules in media like polyacrylamide gels is necessary for RDC measurement.
  • Polyacrylamide gels, while stable, cause protein interactions leading to broadened NMR resonances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify additives that improve protein NMR spectral quality in polyacrylamide gels.
  • To assess the impact of these additives on RDC values and protein characteristics.
  • To evaluate propionamide as a potential additive for NMR studies.

Main Methods:

  • Proteins were analyzed in polyacrylamide gels with and without amide-containing additives (asparagine, glutamine, propionamide).
  • Spectral quality, RDC magnitudes, protein solubility, stability, and ligand binding were assessed.
  • NMR pulse widths were evaluated to ensure compatibility with standard NMR techniques.

Main Results:

  • Asparagine, glutamine, and propionamide improved protein NMR spectral quality in polyacrylamide gels.
  • These additives did not significantly reduce the magnitude of RDC values.
  • Propionamide enhanced protein solubility without negatively affecting protein stability or ligand binding.

Conclusions:

  • Amide-containing compounds, particularly propionamide, are effective in mitigating spectral broadening in polyacrylamide gels.
  • Propionamide is a promising additive for improving NMR-based structural studies by enhancing spectral quality and protein solubility.
  • These findings support the broader application of RDC measurements in structural biology.