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Climate change and harmful benthic microalgae.

Patricia A Tester1, R Wayne Litaker2, Elisa Berdalet3

  • 1Ocean Tester, LLC, 295 Dills Point Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA.

Harmful Algae
|February 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocean warming will increase harmful algal blooms (HABs) in many regions, but tropics may see reduced growth. Deeper waters and new latitudes may offer refuge for these dinoflagellates.

Keywords:
BHABsCiguatera fish poisoning (CFP)CiguatoxinFukuyoaGambierdiscusHabitat requirementsOstreopsisOvatoxinPalytoxinPutative palytoxin=isobaric palytoxin

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Oceanography
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Rising sea surface temperatures (SSTs) due to climate change impact marine ecosystems.
  • Tropical and subtropical dinoflagellate genera, such as Gambierdiscus, Fukuyoa, and Ostreopsis, are identified as benthic harmful algal bloom (BHAB) species.
  • These BHABs are sensitive to temperature, with optimal growth within specific thermal ranges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To project the impact of ocean warming on the growth rates and geographic distribution of key BHAB genera.
  • To understand how species-specific thermal tolerances and habitat requirements influence BHAB responses to climate change.
  • To identify potential refugia and areas for range expansion of BHABs by 2055.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing current knowledge of habitat requirements influencing BHAB species distribution.
  • Analyzing projected sea surface temperature changes from present to 2055.
  • Hypothesizing the influence of environmental interactions on BHAB abundance and range shifts.

Main Results:

  • BHABs are projected to have higher growth rates and population densities in many tropical and subtropical areas due to warming.
  • Growth will likely slow in the tropics where temperatures exceed the upper thermal tolerance (30-31°C) of some species.
  • Range extensions are anticipated, contingent on species meeting habitat criteria like temperature, substrate, and low turbulence.

Conclusions:

  • Ocean warming will likely increase BHAB prevalence in many regions, necessitating monitoring for public health.
  • Deeper water habitats may serve as refugia for BHABs.
  • Identifying sentinel sites is crucial for early detection of range extensions and mitigation of health risks.