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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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The kingdom Archaeplastida encompasses red and green algae, along with land plants. Unlike other protists with chloroplasts that arose through secondary endosymbiosis, only red and green algae originated from primary endosymbiotic events. This diverse group of eukaryotic organisms contains chlorophyll and performs oxygenic photosynthesis.Algae exist in various forms, from large brown kelp in coastal waters to green scum in puddles and stains on rocks or soil. Some species are responsible for...
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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

A Standardized Procedure for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile by Metabarcoding Analysis
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Modeling harmful algal blooms in a changing climate.

David K Ralston1, Stephanie K Moore2

  • 1Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.

Harmful Algae
|February 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review examines harmful algal bloom (HAB) modeling under climate change. Process-based models are recommended for projecting HABs, but require robust data and ecosystem context for accuracy.

Keywords:
Climate changeHarmful algal bloomsNumerical modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Science
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose significant ecological and economic threats.
  • Climate change is altering the frequency and intensity of HAB events globally.
  • Current modeling approaches face challenges in projecting future HAB dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing methodologies for modeling HABs in the context of climate change.
  • To evaluate statistical and process-based modeling approaches for HAB projections.
  • To identify key areas for advancement in HAB modeling research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HAB modeling and climate change impacts.
  • Analysis of statistical and process-based modeling techniques.
  • Examination of methods for linking climate model outputs to HAB responses.

Main Results:

  • Statistical models are common for near-term HAB forecasting but limited for long-term projections.
  • Process-based models offer mechanistic insights but require extensive calibration and may miss emergent climate-driven processes.
  • Linking global climate models to HABs requires robust downscaling and consideration of ecosystem interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Future HAB modeling should prioritize process-based approaches incorporating ecosystem dynamics.
  • Quantifying model uncertainty through ensemble methods and scenario planning is crucial.
  • Long-term observational data are essential for validating HAB models and assessing climate change impacts.