Implementation and Effectiveness of Coaching for Surgeons in Practice - A Mixed Studies Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Surgical Training
• Continuing Professional Development

Background:

• Surgical training traditionally relies on apprenticeship.
• Limited structured learning opportunities exist for practicing surgeons.
• Coaching is a proposed solution for educational gaps in surgical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize characteristics of surgical coaching programs.
• To evaluate participant satisfaction and program outcomes.
• To identify barriers to implementing coaching for surgeons.

Main Methods:

• Mixed studies systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Quantitative analysis for numerical data.
• Qualitative analysis (grounded theory) for descriptive data.

Main Results:

• 27 studies synthesized; 26 described coaching programs.
• Programs focused on new skill acquisition (18/26) or skill refinement.
• High participant satisfaction (82-100%) and clinical practice changes (42-100%) reported.
• Barriers included logistical constraints, surgical culture, and perceived lack of need.

Conclusions:

• Surgical coaching is well-received and effective in promoting practice changes.
• Logistical and cultural factors present significant barriers to coaching implementation.
• Further research is needed to optimize coaching program development and integration.