Steroid-induced glaucoma: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Pharmacology
• Public Health

Background:

• Glucocorticoids are essential anti-inflammatory drugs for ocular and systemic conditions.
• Prolonged glucocorticoid use can elevate intraocular pressure, leading to steroid-induced glaucoma.
• Steroid-induced glaucoma is a significant, yet preventable, cause of blindness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive update on steroid-induced glaucoma.
• To highlight its impact on adult and pediatric populations.
• To review risk factors, clinical features, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiology, social impact, and risk factors.
• Analysis of steroid properties influencing intraocular pressure.
• Exploration of administration routes, dosage, duration, genetics, and clinical presentation.

Main Results:

• Different steroids exhibit varying propensities to increase intraocular pressure.
• Route, dosage, and duration of steroid administration are critical factors.
• Clinical features, genetic predispositions, and effective management options are identified.

Conclusions:

• Steroid-induced glaucoma is a preventable cause of vision loss.
• Understanding risk factors and steroid properties is crucial for management.
• Multifaceted approaches are necessary for effective treatment and prevention.