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Related Concept Videos

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

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The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
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The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

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The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
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Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools
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Respiratory complex I - structure, mechanism and evolution.

Kristian Parey1, Christophe Wirth2, Janet Vonck3

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|February 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Respiratory complex I, crucial for energy metabolism, has had its structure and function illuminated by recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies. These advances reveal insights into proton pumping and substrate access, broadening our understanding of this essential enzyme complex.

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Hybrid Clear/Blue Native Electrophoresis for the Separation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes
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Hybrid Clear/Blue Native Electrophoresis for the Separation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Cellular Metabolism

Background:

  • Respiratory complex I is a vital multi-subunit membrane protein essential for aerobic energy metabolism.
  • Recent years have seen significant advancements in determining the high-resolution structures of mitochondrial complex I and respiratory supercomplexes using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural dynamics and functional mechanisms of respiratory complex I.
  • To provide a broader perspective on the complex I superfamily by examining related structures.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for structural determination.
  • Computational studies to analyze protein dynamics and pathways.
  • Biochemical characterization of conformational changes.

Main Results:

  • Detailed structural insights into proton translocation pathways and ubiquinone access.
  • Characterization of specific conformational changes critical for proton pumping activity.
  • Cryo-EM structures of related complexes (NDH and MBH) offer a superfamily perspective.

Conclusions:

  • Recent structural and computational studies have significantly advanced the understanding of respiratory complex I function, dynamics, and its role in energy metabolism.
  • The findings provide a foundation for further research into complex I-related diseases and therapeutic strategies.