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Intermittent fasting and weight loss: Systematic review.

Stephanie Welton1, Robert Minty2, Teresa O'Driscoll3

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Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
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Summary

Intermittent fasting (IF) shows promise for obesity treatment, leading to significant weight loss. Further research is needed to determine its long-term effectiveness and role in sustainable weight management.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Metabolic Health
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Obesity is a significant health concern in Canada.
  • Effective office-based treatment strategies for obesity are limited.
  • Intermittent fasting (IF) presents an alternative to traditional calorie-restricted diets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the evidence supporting intermittent fasting (IF) for obesity treatment.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of IF in weight management.
  • To identify the role of IF in improving health outcomes for obese individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on MEDLINE and EMBASE from 2000 to 2019.
  • Keywords included various forms of fasting and meal frequency reduction.
  • Forty-one articles detailing 27 trials on weight loss in overweight and obese patients were selected for review.

Main Results:

  • All 27 IF trials reported weight loss ranging from 0.8% to 13.0% of baseline weight.
  • No serious adverse events were associated with intermittent fasting protocols.
  • Studies comparing IF to calorie restriction showed equivalent weight loss results.
  • Intermittent fasting demonstrated improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Intermittent fasting (IF) demonstrates potential as a viable strategy for obesity treatment.
  • Current evidence stems from small, short-term studies, necessitating longer-term research.
  • The sustainable role of IF in long-term weight management requires further investigation.