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Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Guidelines and Experience Using Imaging Biomarker Explorer IBEX for Radiomics
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Introduction to Radiomics.

Marius E Mayerhoefer1,2, Andrzej Materka3, Georg Langs2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York mayerhom@mskcc.org.

Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
|February 16, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiomics extracts quantitative features from medical images to analyze tissue characteristics. This field shows promise in nuclear medicine for predicting treatment response and survival, but faces challenges with data variability.

Keywords:
PETartificial intelligencemachine learningradiomicssingle-photon emission tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Medical imaging analysis
  • Quantitative feature extraction
  • Radiomics

Background:

  • Radiomics involves extracting quantitative metrics (radiomic features) from medical images.
  • These features capture tissue and lesion characteristics like heterogeneity and shape.
  • Radiomic data can be combined with other patient data for clinical problem-solving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the field of radiomics.
  • To cover the basic radiomics workflow: feature calculation, selection, dimensionality reduction, and data processing.
  • To discuss potential clinical applications in nuclear medicine, including PET radiomics.

Main Methods:

  • Feature calculation and selection
  • Dimensionality reduction
  • Data processing

Main Results:

  • Radiomic features can quantify medical image characteristics.
  • Potential applications include PET radiomics for treatment response and survival prediction.
  • Limitations include sensitivity to acquisition parameters and common pitfalls.

Conclusions:

  • Radiomics offers a quantitative approach to medical image analysis.
  • It has potential applications in nuclear medicine for personalized treatment strategies.
  • Addressing limitations is crucial for reliable clinical implementation.