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Skunk rabies.

K M Charlton1, W A Webster, G A Casey

  • 1Animal Diseases Research Institute, NEPEAN, Ontario, Canada.

Reviews of Infectious Diseases
|November 1, 1988
PubMed
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Rabies cases in North American skunks are most common, particularly in four key regions. Distinct virus variants are linked to specific geographic areas and may influence species-specific rabies transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Wildlife Epidemiology

Background:

  • Skunk rabies is a significant concern in North America, often exceeding cases in raccoons or foxes.
  • Enzootic skunk rabies is geographically concentrated in four distinct regions across the continent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the geographic distribution of enzootic skunk rabies in North America.
  • To characterize the rabies virus variants associated with skunk rabies in these regions.
  • To explore the role of virus variants in species-specific rabies transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Geographic analysis of diagnosed rabies cases in skunks.
  • Monoclonal antibody testing to differentiate rabies virus variants.
  • Experimental studies to assess virus pathogenicity and species specificity.

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Main Results:

  • Skunk rabies is prevalent in southern Ontario/Quebec/New York, north-central US/Canada, California, and south-central US.
  • Three distinct street virus variants were identified, with specific variants linked to particular geographic areas.
  • Experimental data suggest that rabies virus variant pathogenicity contributes to species specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Skunk rabies exhibits distinct geographic patterns in North America, associated with specific virus variants.
  • Rabies virus variants play a role in the observed species specificity of enzootic rabies.
  • Understanding these variants is crucial for rabies control and prevention strategies in wildlife.