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Tracking the corticospinal responses to strength training.

Joel Mason1, Ashlyn K Frazer1, Janne Avela2

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, PO Box 527, Melbourne, VIC, 3199, Australia.

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|February 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heavy-load strength training enhances motor cortex (M1) function and corticospinal excitability (CSE). Adaptations occur both during and between training sessions, indicating distinct plasticity mechanisms over time.

Keywords:
Cortical plasticityCorticospinal excitabilityIntracortical facilitationShort-interval cortical inhibitionSilent periodStrength training

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • The motor cortex (M1) is a key site for adaptation to strength training.
  • Acute strength training sessions can modify M1 and the corticospinal tract.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the accumulation of M1 and corticospinal tract changes during a 2-week heavy-load strength-training program.
  • To understand how acute training adaptations evolve over a short-term training period.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess corticospinal excitability (CSE), intracortical facilitation (ICF), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), and silent period duration.
  • Measurements were taken before and after each training session over a 2-week heavy-load strength-training period.

Main Results:

  • Strength increased by 15.5% after 2 weeks, accompanied by a 44% increase in CSE and reduced silent period duration and SICI.
  • Early sessions acutely increased CSE and ICF, while later sessions showed adaptations occurring offline between sessions.
  • Co-contraction of antagonists decreased by 36%.

Conclusions:

  • Corticospinal plasticity occurs in distinct early and later stages, modulated by different mechanisms within and between training sessions.
  • Strength development parallels changes observed after motor skill training.
  • Adaptations to heavy-load strength training involve complex neuroplastic changes in the motor cortex.