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The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...

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Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

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Carbonation Shrinkage

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture

Published on: September 29, 2023

Materials and logistics for carbon dioxide capture, storage and utilization.

Abdul Hai Alami¹, Abdullah Abu Hawili², Muhammad Tawalbeh³

¹Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

The Science of the Total Environment

|February 17, 2020

Summary

Effective and economical carbon dioxide (CO2) capture materials are crucial for atmospheric CO2 reduction. This study surveys current solid sorbents, advanced solvents, and membrane systems, comparing their CO2 uptake, operational parameters, and costs.

Keywords:

Advanced solvents Carbon dioxide storage and capture Membrane systems Solid sorbents

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Published on: August 14, 2020

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is critical for mitigating climate change.
The efficiency of CO2 capture technologies relies heavily on the performance of the sorbent materials used.
Economical and effective CO2 capture materials are essential for scalable deployment.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and analyze materials currently employed in global CO2 adsorption systems.
To compare the CO2 uptake, operational parameters, logistics, and costs of different capture technologies.
To provide recommendations for selecting CO2 capture systems based on yield, price, and location suitability.

Main Methods:

Review and analysis of existing CO2 capture materials and technologies.
Detailed discussion of three primary material classes: solid sorbents, advanced solvents, and membrane systems.
Comparative assessment of material performance, operational requirements, and implementation ease.

Main Results:

Identification of key materials used in CO2 adsorption beds worldwide.
Comparison of CO2 uptake capacities, operating conditions, and cost-effectiveness of different technologies.
Tabulated advantages and disadvantages for each material class.

Conclusions:

The selection of CO2 capture materials must balance CO2 yield, economic viability, and geographical suitability.
Solid sorbents, advanced solvents, and membrane systems offer distinct advantages and disadvantages for CO2 capture.
Further research and development are needed to optimize materials for widespread CO2 mitigation efforts.