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Updated: Dec 28, 2025
Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study
Published on: March 14, 2017
Validity and reliability of a smartphone motion analysis app for lower limb kinematics during treadmill running
Seyed Hamed Mousavi1, Juha M Hijmans2, Forough Moeini3
1University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tehran, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Objective:
To investigate the validity and reliability of a smartphone application for selected lower-limb kinematics during treadmill running.
Design:
Validity and reliability study.
Setting:
Biomechanics laboratory.
Participants:
Twenty healthy female runners.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Sagittal-plane hip, knee, and ankle angle and rearfoot eversion were assessed using the Coach's Eye Smartphone application and a 3D motion capture system. Paired t-test and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) established criterion validity of Coach's Eye; ICC determined test-retest and intrarater/interrater reliability. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were also reported.
Results:
Significant differences were found between Coach's Eye and 3D measurements for ankle angle at touchdown and knee angle at toe-off (p < 0.05). ICCs for validity of Coach's Eye were excellent for rearfoot eversion at touchdown (ICC = 0.79) and fair-to-good for the other kinematics (range 0.51-0.74), except for hip at touchdown, which was poor (ICC = 0.36). Test-retest (range 0.80-0.92), intrarater (range 0.95-0.99) and interrater (range 0.87-0.94) ICC results were excellent for all selected kinematics.
Conclusion:
Coach's Eye can be used as a surrogate for 3D measures of knee and rearfoot in/eversion at touchdown, and hip, ankle, and rearfoot in/eversion at toe-off, but not for hip and ankle at touchdown or knee at toe-off. Reliable running kinematics were obtained using Coach's Eye, making it suitable for repeated measures.
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