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Sex differences in brain gene expression among suicide completers.

Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza1, Cristóbal Fresno2, Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo3

  • 1Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico; PECEM, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

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This study explored sex-specific gene expression in the suicidal brain, identifying distinct biological patterns between males and females. These findings offer a foundation for understanding sex differences in suicide risk.

Keywords:
GenderMicroarraysPostmortemPrefrontal cortexSuicidalTranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Suicide rates exhibit significant sex disparities, with males having higher rates than females.
  • While social factors contribute, biological differences may also play a role in this imbalance.
  • Investigating sex-specific gene expression in the brain is crucial for understanding suicide etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate sex-specific gene expression patterns in the suicidal brain.
  • To identify differences in gene expression between male and female suicide completers.
  • To compare gene expression profiles between suicide completers and control groups.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) samples from 75 Latino individuals.
  • Inclusion of four groups: male suicides, female suicides, male controls, and female controls.
  • Gene expression profiling using microarrays and identification of differentially expressed genes via a linear model.

Main Results:

  • Identified 1,729 differentially expressed genes in females and 1,997 in males between suicide completers and controls.
  • Female-exclusive suicide genes were linked to cell proliferation and immune response.
  • Male-exclusive suicide genes were associated with DNA binding and ribonucleic protein complex functions.

Conclusions:

  • Uncovered previously unexplored sex differences in brain gene expression among suicide completers.
  • These findings provide a foundation for investigating sex-specific biological factors in suicide.
  • Highlights the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in suicide research.