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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

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Overview
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Delivery of CRISPR for Cardiac Gene Editing in Mice
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Who Goes First? Deaf People and CRISPR Germline Editing.

Carol Padden, Jacqueline Humphries

    Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
    |February 18, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    CRISPR germline editing for genetic deafness raises ethical concerns. The study advocates for a broader view of human diversity, valuing genetic and cultural differences over medical intervention.

    Area of Science:

    • Bioethics
    • Human Genetics
    • Medical Policy

    Background:

    • CRISPR technology has intensified the debate surrounding human germline editing.
    • Current recommendations suggest germline editing should be restricted to "serious diseases" and face significant ethical scrutiny.
    • Genetic deafness, while not typically classified as a "serious disease," presents a complex case for potential germline editing applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review existing recommendations on human germline editing in the context of genetic deafness.
    • To explore the ethical implications of using individuals with genetic deafness as subjects for CRISPR clinical studies.
    • To advocate for an inclusive definition of human diversity that encompasses genetic, linguistic, and cultural variations.

    Main Methods:

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    Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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  • Review of policy statements and recommendations from the US National Academies and international summits on human genome editing.
  • Analysis of genetic deafness as a condition in relation to established criteria for germline editing.
  • Examination of deaf communities and their perspectives on diversity and identity.
  • Main Results:

    • Genetic deafness may not meet the threshold for "serious disease" justifying germline editing interventions.
    • Individuals with genetic deafness could be considered ideal subjects for early CRISPR clinical studies due to specific characteristics.
    • There is a potential risk of medical overreach and expediency in pursuing germline editing for non-life-threatening conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Germline editing for genetic deafness warrants careful ethical consideration, balancing medical advancement with the promotion of human diversity.
    • An expansive view of human diversity, including genetic and cultural variations, is crucial for the future well-being of humanity.
    • The potential for medical expediency should not overshadow the importance of respecting diverse human experiences and identities.