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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Factors contributing to unintentional parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery.

Marissa Mencio1, Natalie Calcatera1, Gerald Ogola2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|February 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Central neck dissection during thyroid surgery is the primary risk factor for unintentional parathyroidectomy. Other factors like hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis do not significantly increase this risk.

Keywords:
Central neck dissectionhypoparathyroidismlymphocytic thyroiditisparathyroidectomythyroid surgerythyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Unintentional parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery occurs in 1-31% of cases.
  • Malignancy and central neck dissection are known risk factors.
  • Impact of other factors like thyroiditis or hyperthyroidism remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors contributing to parathyroid gland loss during thyroid surgery.
  • To evaluate the role of malignancy, central neck dissection, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and primary hyperparathyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 269 patients undergoing thyroid surgery (2010-2013).
  • Analysis of patient characteristics and surgical factors.
  • Bivariate and multivariable analyses to determine risk factors for parathyroid loss.

Main Results:

  • 24.5% of patients experienced unintentional parathyroidectomy.
  • Smaller thyroid nodule size, central neck dissection, and malignancy were associated with parathyroid loss.
  • Central neck dissection was the strongest predictor (OR 4.72).

Conclusions:

  • Central neck dissection for thyroid malignancy is the leading risk factor for unintentional parathyroidectomy.
  • Concomitant primary hyperparathyroidism, lymphocytic thyroiditis, or hyperthyroidism did not increase risk.