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Bilingualism, Demographics, and Cognitive Control: A Within-Group Approach
1Foreign Languages College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
Frontiers in Psychology
|February 18, 2020
Summary
Bilingualism and demographic factors like education and SES influence cognitive control. L2 proficiency specifically predicts conflict monitoring and inhibition, while age and education predict mental set shifting.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Linguistics
Background:
- Previous research suggests a bilingual advantage in cognitive control, but findings are inconsistent.
- Various factors like language proficiency, socioeconomic status (SES), culture, and intelligence may confound results.
- A within-group approach is needed to disentangle the effects of bilingualism and demographics on cognitive control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the predictive power of bilingualism and demographic factors on cognitive control.
- To examine the relationship between L2 proficiency, SES, education, age, and cognitive control tasks (inhibition, monitoring, mental set shifting).
Main Methods:
- A within-group approach using multiple regression analyses.
- Participants aged 10-75 (N=91) completed tasks measuring inhibition, monitoring, and mental set shifting.
- Stepwise regression identified significant predictors for each cognitive control component.
Main Results:
- Second language (L2) proficiency significantly predicted conflict monitoring and inhibition.
- Education and age were significant predictors for mental set shifting.
- Socioeconomic status (SES) showed a minor predictive role in inhibition.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive control is influenced by a combination of bilingualism and demographic factors.
- L2 proficiency is a key factor in specific aspects of cognitive control, particularly conflict monitoring and inhibition.
- Future research should explore specific bilingual experiences to further elucidate their impact on cognitive control.
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