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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Converting Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) into a Triple-Responsive Polymer.

Christian Hils1, Emma Fuchs1, Franziska Eger1

  • 1Macromolecular Chemistry II, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed triple-responsive polymers using a simple synthesis method. These advanced materials respond to pH, temperature, and carbon dioxide, enabling new applications in polymer science.

Keywords:
pH-responsive polymerspolymer analogous modificationswitchable surface hydrophilicitytemperature-responsive polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Multiresponsive polymers offer diverse applications by reacting to multiple external stimuli.
  • Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a versatile polymer platform for developing advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize triple-responsive polymers with sensitivity to pH, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO2).
  • To explore the critical solution temperature (UCST/LCST) phase behavior of these novel polymers.

Main Methods:

  • A facile post-polymerization amidation method was employed to functionalize PMMA.
  • The synthesized polymers were combined with trivalent counterions ([Fe(CN)6]3-) to induce specific phase behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Triple-responsive poly(N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylamide) was successfully synthesized.
  • Upper and lower critical solution temperature (UCST/LCST) phase behavior was observed at pH 8 and 9.
  • The functionalization method is applicable to PMMA and its block copolymers, allowing for various architectures.
  • The technique can also modify the surface of melt-processed bulk PMMA.

Conclusions:

  • A straightforward method for creating triple-responsive polymers based on PMMA was established.
  • The developed polymers exhibit tunable phase behavior, broadening their potential applications.
  • This approach facilitates the creation of complex responsive polymer architectures and surface modifications.