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Published on: March 26, 2019
Gut-brain communication in demyelinating disorders
Sami Sauma1, Patrizia Casaccia2
1Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder resulting from the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental variables, including gut microbiota, diet and life style factors. Here, we first discuss the evidence supporting the effect of early life events, diet and body mass index on the composition of the microbiota, and then review studies on gut dysbiosis conducted in MS patients and in animal models. We address the effect of disease, immunomodulatory therapies, diet and probiotics on enrichment or depletion of gut microbial species. Finally, we discuss the ability of gut bacteria to produce toxins and metabolites which serve as signals for the cross-talk between the gut and the brain.
Insights
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves genetic and environmental factors, notably gut microbiota composition. Research links gut dysbiosis, diet, and lifestyle to MS, impacting gut-brain communication.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Microbiome Research
- Autoimmune Disorders
Background:
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease.
- MS pathogenesis involves genetic and environmental factors.
- Gut microbiota is a key environmental factor influencing MS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the influence of early life events, diet, and BMI on gut microbiota composition.
- To examine gut dysbiosis in MS patients and animal models.
- To explore the gut-brain axis in MS through microbial metabolites and toxins.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on microbiota composition and MS.
- Analysis of factors affecting microbial species enrichment/depletion.
- Discussion of microbial metabolites and toxins in gut-brain signaling.
Main Results:
- Early life events, diet, and BMI significantly impact gut microbiota.
- Gut dysbiosis is observed in MS patients and animal models.
- Disease, therapies, diet, and probiotics alter microbial composition.
Conclusions:
- Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in MS development and progression.
- Microbial metabolites and toxins mediate gut-brain communication in MS.
- Targeting the gut microbiota may offer therapeutic strategies for MS.
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