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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Published on: March 3, 2023
Flies from a tertiary hospital in Rwanda carry multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens including
Stefan E Heiden1, Mathis S E Kurz2, Jürgen Bohnert3
1Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
Abstract:
Multidrug-resistant gram-negative (MRGN) bacteria are a serious threat to global health. We used genomics to study MRGN obtained from houseflies in a tertiary Rwandan hospital. Our analysis revealed a high abundance of different MRGN including E. coli pathogenic lineage ST131 suggesting the important role of flies in disseminating highly virulent pathogens in clinical settings and beyond.
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