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Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

MicroRNAs, DNA damage response and ageing.

Maryam Majidinia¹, Seyed Mostafa Mir^2,3, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari⁴

¹Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.

|February 19, 2020

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in cellular senescence and aging. This review explores how miRNAs regulate DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, offering insights into aging mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:

Ageing DNA damage response DNA repair Non-coding RNA microRNA

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Gerontology

Background:

Aging is a complex process involving cellular deterioration.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show altered expression during cellular senescence.
miRNAs regulate gene expression and are implicated in aging features.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of miRNAs in regulating aging processes.
To investigate the connection between miRNAs and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways.
To explore therapeutic strategies targeting miRNAs for aging.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on aging, miRNAs, and DDR.
Analysis of miRNA biogenesis and function in cellular senescence.
Examination of current findings on DDR regulation by miRNAs.

Main Results:

miRNAs are differentially expressed in senescent cells.
miRNAs directly regulate proteins involved in DDR pathways.
miRNAs play a significant role in the molecular biology of aging.

Conclusions:

Understanding miRNA functions in aging and DDR is key to elucidating aging mechanisms.
miRNAs hold therapeutic potential for age-related conditions by modulating DDR.