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The microbiome-adipose tissue axis in systemic metabolism.

Patrick Lundgren1, Christoph A Thaiss1

  • 1Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
|February 19, 2020
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Summary

The gut microbiome influences host metabolism by producing metabolites that affect adipose tissue. Targeting the gut microbiome offers a novel approach for managing systemic metabolism.

Keywords:
adipose tissuemetabolismmetabolitesmicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Metabolism
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The intestinal commensal microbiome plays a crucial role in host health.
  • Microbial metabolites enter systemic circulation, influencing extra-intestinal organ systems.
  • The gut microbiome-host signaling axis profoundly impacts organismal metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how the intestinal microbiome influences host metabolism.
  • To emphasize metabolite-driven pathways affecting adipose tissue biology.
  • To explore the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target for metabolic control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on the gut microbiome and host metabolism.
  • Focus on studies detailing metabolite-mediated signaling.
  • Analysis of the impact on adipose tissue function and physiology.

Main Results:

  • The intestinal microbiome significantly modulates host metabolism.
  • Microbial metabolites directly influence adipose tissue biology.
  • Alterations in microbial colonization lead to specific metabolic responses in adipose tissue.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome is a key regulator of host metabolism, particularly through its influence on adipose tissue.
  • Metabolite-driven pathways are central to this interaction.
  • The gut microbiome represents a promising target for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating systemic metabolism.