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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Functional characterization of long noncoding RNAs.

Joseph B Moore1,2, Shizuka Uchida1,2,3

  • 1Diabetes and Obesity Center.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key gene expression regulators. Recent studies reveal their roles in tissue homeostasis, development, and disease, particularly in the heart, through diverse molecular mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of gene expression.
  • lncRNAs exhibit tissue-type and cell-type specific expression patterns, suggesting roles in development and homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on the role of lncRNAs in the heart.
  • To summarize the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Next-generation sequencing technologies have driven the discovery of numerous lncRNAs.
  • Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies (in vivo and in vitro) have elucidated lncRNA functions.
  • Mechanisms of lncRNA action include RNA sponge activity, transcription modulation, and translation modulation.

Main Results:

  • Tens of thousands of human lncRNAs have been identified, constituting a significant portion of the transcriptome.
  • lncRNAs regulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms, including sequestering microRNAs (miRNAs), influencing transcription factor activity, and modulating protein function.
  • Specific examples of lncRNAs and their functions are provided, categorized by their mode of action.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a novel class of gene expression regulators.
  • lncRNAs function by interacting with macromolecules like DNA, miRNAs, and proteins.
  • Further research into lncRNAs holds promise for understanding and treating heart diseases.