Attachment of streptavidin-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to the PC-12 cell membrane

Efficient attachment of magnetic nanoparticles to cell membranes plays an important role in the activation of cell membrane channels. Streptavidin (SA) was successfully modified to Poly (ethylene imine) (PEI)-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to form SA/PEI-SPIONs, which have high colloidal stability and low cytotoxicity. The SA/PEI-SPIONs were incubated with PC-12 cells which had first been cultured in a Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium 1640 containing 0.2 mg l^-1 biotin for 12 h. The cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the nanoparticles were clearly attached on the cell membrane, which can be attributed to the specific binding between the SA and biotin sites on the cell surface. This work provides a simple way to attach SA-modified nanoparticles on the membranes of cells by only culturing cells in a biotin-containing medium. This work makes possible biomedical applications that require nanoparticles to target cell membranes.