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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
382
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
417
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

230
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
230
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

491
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Isolation of Glomeruli and In Vivo Labeling of Glomerular Cell Surface Proteins
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[Infections-associated Glomerulonephritis].

Martin Kimmel

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |February 19, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Infection-associated glomerulonephritis epidemiology is shifting. While acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APGN) declines, staphylococcal-associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN) is rising, often presenting differently in older adults.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Infection-associated glomerulonephritis (IAG) is kidney inflammation caused by infections.
    • Epidemiology shows a decline in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APGN) in developed nations.
    • There is a notable increase in staphylococcal-associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the changing epidemiology of infection-associated glomerulonephritis.
    • To differentiate the clinical presentations of APGN and SAGN.
    • To highlight the characteristics of SAGN, particularly in vulnerable populations.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of epidemiological trends in IAG.
    • Comparative analysis of clinical manifestations between APGN and SAGN.
    • Identification of risk factors and patient demographics for SAGN.

    Main Results:

    • Incidence of APGN has significantly decreased in developed countries.
    • SAGN incidence is increasing, presenting as para-infectious immune complex glomerulonephritis.
    • SAGN frequently occurs in older patients with comorbidities and occult infections.

    Conclusions:

    • The epidemiological landscape of IAG has shifted from APGN to SAGN.
    • SAGN exhibits distinct clinical features, often concurrent with infection, unlike the post-infectious nature of APGN.
    • Increased awareness of SAGN is crucial for timely diagnosis and management, especially in elderly patients.