Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.2K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.2K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

56.2K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
56.2K
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

69.7K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
69.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.5K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.5K
Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem01:12

Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem

2.2K
In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is one of the fundamental problems describing the motion of two interacting bodies under gravity or any other central force. When considering the motion of two bodies, one of the most important concepts is the reduced mass coordinates, a quantity that allows the two-body problem to be solved like a single-body problem. In these circumstances, it is assumed that a single body with reduced mass revolves around another body fixed in a position with an...
2.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.4K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A minimalist self-differencing gating scheme for dead-time-free single-photon avalanche diodes at high repetition rate.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Secondary dry eye disease in breast cancer patients: a pilot study.

Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)·2025
Same author

Quantum reservoir computing for photonic entanglement witnessing.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Accurate heat currents via reorganized master equation.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Enhanced Quantum Frequency Estimation by Nonlinear Scrambling.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Classical Simulation of Circuits with Realistic Odd-Dimensional Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill States.

Physical review letters·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Low-dimensional model for adaptive networks of spiking neurons [Phys. Rev. E 111, 014422 (2025)].

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Disentangling the effects of many-body forces on depletion interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Charge transport and mode transition in dual-energy electron beam diodes.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Optimization of multisite reactions in complex compartmentalized media.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Origin of geometric cohesion in nonconvex granular materials: Interplay between interdigitation and rotational constraints enhancing frictional stability.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Interaction of walkers with a standing Faraday wave.

Physical review. E·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.2K

Three-qubit refrigerator with two-body interactions.

Adam Hewgill1, J Onam González2, José P Palao2

  • 1Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E
|February 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate a novel three-qubit quantum thermal machine capable of acting as a work-free absorption refrigerator using simpler two-body interactions. This setup also functions as a heat valve, controlling heat flow between qubits.

More Related Videos

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.8K
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.2K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.8K
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Quantum information science
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Quantum thermal machines offer novel ways to manipulate heat and work at the quantum level.
  • Implementing complex quantum machines often requires intricate multi-body interactions, posing experimental challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a simplified three-qubit quantum thermal machine.
  • To demonstrate the possibility of a work-free absorption refrigerator using only two-body interactions.
  • To explore the heat valve capabilities of the proposed system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a three-qubit system for quantum thermal machine implementation.
  • Modeling open-system dynamics with global and local master equations.
  • Investigating two-body interactions for refrigerator functionality.
  • Analyzing heat current control via local field manipulation.

Main Results:

  • A three-qubit configuration for quantum thermal machines with controllable heat fluxes and work production is proposed.
  • A work-free absorption refrigerator is realized using only two-body interactions, simplifying experimental realization.
  • The system demonstrates heat valve functionality, allowing control and amplification of heat currents by tuning local fields.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed three-qubit system offers a more experimentally accessible platform for quantum thermal machines.
  • The work-free absorption refrigerator design advances the field of quantum refrigeration.
  • The heat valve capability highlights the system's versatility for quantum heat current manipulation.