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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

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RNA Splicing01:32

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Dissection of Drosophila melanogaster Flight Muscles for Omics Approaches
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Contributions of alternative splicing to muscle type development and function.

Elena Nikonova1, Shao-Yen Kao1, Maria L Spletter2

  • 1Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|February 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Alternative splicing significantly contributes to muscle type diversity and function. Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into muscle development, aging, and diseases.

Keywords:
Alternative splicingContractile functionCytoskeletonDevelopmentDrosophilaFlight muscleRNA regulationSarcomereStriated muscleTranscriptionTubular muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Animals exhibit diverse muscle types with distinct properties, necessitating an understanding of their developmental origins.
  • Muscle development and maintenance are crucial for function and are impacted by aging and disease.
  • Model organisms like Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice are vital for studying conserved muscle development mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of alternative splicing in generating muscle type diversity.
  • To highlight isoform-specific functions in muscle development and refinement.
  • To explore the implications for understanding muscle aging and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on muscle development and alternative splicing.
  • Analysis of examples from vertebrates and Drosophila.
  • Focus on isoform functions and regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Alternative splicing is recognized as a key contributor to myogenesis and muscle function refinement.
  • Specific isoforms exhibit distinct functional roles in different muscle types.
  • Conserved mechanisms across model organisms provide insights into human muscle biology.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative splicing plays a critical role in generating muscle diversity and fine-tuning function.
  • Further research into alternative splicing can illuminate mechanisms underlying muscle development, disease, and aging.
  • Isoform-specific regulation offers a holistic view of muscle biology.