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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

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Respiratory Viral Infection Alters the Gut Microbiota by Inducing Inappetence.

Helen T Groves1, Sophie L Higham1, Miriam F Moffatt2,3

  • 1Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Mbio
|February 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory viral infections alter gut microbiota through infection-induced appetite loss. Immune responses and changes in gut lipids, like sphingolipids and PUFAs, are key factors influencing this relationship.

Keywords:
T cellappetitelung infectionmetabolomemicrobiomerespiratory syncytial virus

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Respiratory viral infections are common but their gut microbiota effects are unclear.
  • Previous work showed viral lung infection significantly alters gut microbiota composition.
  • Understanding these gut-respiratory links is crucial for potential therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To dissect the pathway from viral lung infection to gut microbiota changes.
  • To investigate the roles of weight loss, inappetence, and immune response in these alterations.
  • To explore changes in the fecal metabolome during respiratory viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza virus.
  • Weight loss, food consumption, and gut microbiota composition were monitored.
  • Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) response and CD8+ cell depletion effects were analyzed.
  • Fecal metabolome analysis focused on lipid metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Weight loss during RSV/influenza infection was driven by decreased food intake.
  • Fasting altered gut microbiota independently of infection.
  • While TNF-α response caused early weight loss, it didn't alter gut microbiota.
  • CD8+ cell depletion prevented weight loss and reversed microbiota changes.
  • RSV infection increased fecal sphingolipids, PUFAs, and valerate.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular immune response to viral lung infection induces inappetence, altering the gut microbiome and metabolome.
  • Increased lipids in the gut may be linked to disease resolution.
  • Further research is needed to identify factors causing infection-induced inappetence and the role of the microbiome in recovery.