New Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors for Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

This study was initiated to explore some novel biomarkers like pro-inflammatory markers (chemerin and visfatin) and anti-inflammatory marker (omentin-1) as prognostic factors for cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Forty diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease, 40 diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease and twenty healthy control counterparts were included in this study. Serum chemerin, omentin-1 and visfatin levels were quantified. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was done to identify the cut off value for each marker. The mean serum level of chemerin was 57.65 ± 15.69 ng/l in diabetic patients versus 93.97 ± 26.62 ng/l for the cardio-diabetic ones (P < 0.0001). The mean serum level of omentin-1 was 8.77 ± 1.53 ng/ml in diabetic patients versus 1.76 ± 0.96 ng/ml for the cardio-diabetic ones (P < 0.0001). The mean level of visfatin was 1.44 ± 0.71 ug/l in diabetic patients versus 3.92 ± 3.32 ug/l for the cardio-diabetic ones (P < 0.0001). Chemerin and Visfatin levels were significantly enhanced in the cardio-diabetic patients with increasing C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), micro-albumin and cholesterol. Omentin-1 level was significantly reduced in the cardio-diabetic patients with increasing CRP, TG, FBG, and cholesterol. It was observed that the area under curve for chemerin, omentin-1and visfatin was 0.877, 0.998 and 0.735, respectively. In conclusion, this study evidences that the measuring serum levels of chemerin, omentin-1 and visfatin may help in the prognosis of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients.