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New methods for sex estimation using sternum and rib morphology.

Smadar Peleg1,2,3, Ruth Pelleg Kallevag1,2,3, Gali Dar4

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Zefat Academic College, Jerusalem Street 11, P.O. Box 160, 1320611, Zefat, Israel.

International Journal of Legal Medicine
|February 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Estimating sex from skeletal remains is crucial in anthropology. New methods using sternum and rib morphology offer reliable and valid sex estimation, especially from the left sixth, eighth, and ninth ribs.

Keywords:
Prediction equationRibSex estimationSternum

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic anthropology
  • Biological anthropology
  • Osteology

Background:

  • Accurate sex estimation from skeletal remains is vital for anthropological and forensic investigations.
  • Incomplete skeletal remains necessitate reliable methods for sex determination using available elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate new methods for sex estimation using sternum and rib morphology.
  • To assess the reliability and validity of traditional and virtual measurement techniques.
  • To identify the most effective skeletal elements for sex determination.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized traditional and virtual measurements on three distinct skeletal and CT-based samples (N=413, N=33, N=15).
  • Developed prediction equations for sex estimation using logistic regression.
  • Performed reliability and validity analyses using intraclass correlation coefficient analysis.

Main Results:

  • Measurements of the sternum and ribs demonstrated high reliability and validity for sex estimation.
  • Achieved high success rates (>80%) in sex estimation, consistent across skeletal and recent samples.
  • The left sixth, left eighth, and left ninth ribs were identified as particularly reliable indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Morphological measurements of the sternum and ribs provide valuable data for sex estimation.
  • Both traditional and virtual measurement tools are effective for this purpose.
  • The sternum, left sixth, left eighth, and left ninth ribs are the most dependable elements for sex determination from skeletal remains.