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Vertebral artery variations revised: origin, course, branches and embryonic development.

E-P Magklara1, E-T Pantelia1, E Solia1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Athens, Mikras Asias str. 75, 116 27. Athens, Greece.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anatomical variations in the vertebral artery, including its origin and course, are common. Understanding these vertebral artery variations is crucial for preventing complications during cervical procedures.

Keywords:
aortic archbrachiocephalic trunkposterior inferior cerebellar arterysubclavian artery

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The vertebral artery, originating from the subclavian artery, has four distinct segments.
  • Anatomical variations in the vertebral artery's course and branching patterns are significant.
  • Investigating these variations is essential for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical variations in the course and branches of the vertebral artery.
  • To compile data on vertebral artery anomalies from cadaveric studies.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed database.
  • Search terms included "variations of vertebral artery AND cadaveric study" and related keywords.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on cadaveric studies detailing vertebral artery anomalies.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 24 articles revealed variations in vertebral artery origin (13 studies), course (9 studies), and branches (3 studies).
  • 6.7% of 1192 cadavers showed the left vertebral artery originating directly from the aortic arch.
  • 17.4% of 311 cadavers had ossified foramina for vertebral artery passage, with other variants noted at the atlas and axis.

Conclusions:

  • Vertebral artery variations, though often asymptomatic, necessitate thorough anatomical knowledge.
  • Understanding these anatomical variants is vital for preventing vascular complications in cervical surgeries and radiological procedures.