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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The symbol-grounding process, which connects abstract number symbols to their numerical meaning, is not fully understood.
  • Research is needed to explore how this process differs across small (subitizing range, 1-4) and larger numerical ranges (6-9).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying nonsymbolic-symbolic number mapping.
  • To determine if the mapping process differs between the subitizing range (1-4) and larger number ranges (6-9).

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-two young adults learned novel symbols by mapping them to nonsymbolic dot arrays (1-9).
  • Behavioral measures (accuracy, reaction time) and event-related potentials (P2p, N1) were recorded during the learning task.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral data showed successful symbol-quantity mapping only for the subitizing range (1-4).
  • The P2p component, related to number processing, was modulated by learning symbols for small quantities (1-4) only.
  • N1 amplitude increased with learning, dependent on the dot array size, particularly for the 1-4 range, suggesting expectancy effects.

Conclusions:

  • Exact nonsymbolic-symbolic mapping is successful primarily for small quantities (1-4) where cardinality is easily extracted.
  • The P2p component may serve as a neural correlate for accessing numerical codes and symbol learning.