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The Parathyroid Glands

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

[Exploration on total parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism].

X Q Yang¹, A J Chen, T T Wang

¹Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Civil Aviation General Hospital, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100123, China.

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

|February 20, 2020

Summary

Dissection parathyroidectomy effectively treats secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in dialysis patients, relieving symptoms and normalizing hormone levels. This safe surgical approach offers significant clinical benefits for refractory cases.

Keywords:

End-stage renal disease Hyperparathyroidism, secondary Surgery Total parathyroidectomy

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Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Endocrinology
Surgical Oncology

Background:

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance dialysis.
Medically refractory SHPT significantly impacts patient quality of life and bone health.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the clinical significance and outcomes of dissection parathyroidectomy for SHPT in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis.
To assess the efficacy of surgical intervention in managing biochemical parameters and clinical symptoms.

Main Methods:

A retrospective review of 195 patients with SHPT who underwent dissection parathyroidectomy with autograft.
Comparison of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, and hemoglobin levels before and after surgery.
Analysis of symptom relief, including bone pain, itching, and muscle weakness.

Main Results:

Dissection parathyroidectomy led to significant reductions in serum iPTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels (P<0.01).
Postoperative symptom improvement was observed, with complete relief of bone pain and itching within 6 months.
Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels increased significantly post-surgery (P<0.05), indicating improved anemia management.

Conclusions:

Dissection parathyroidectomy is a beneficial and safe surgical procedure for managing medically refractory SHPT in patients on maintenance dialysis.
The surgical approach effectively normalizes biochemical markers and alleviates debilitating symptoms associated with SHPT.